Paper mache (or paper-mâché) is one of the most accessible craft techniques out there. With only paper, glue and a little patience, you can create anything from simple decorations to detailed sculptures. Whether you’re new to crafting or already experienced, paper mache offers endless creative possibilities.

You will learn, among other things:

• What paper mache is and its history
• What materials and kind of glue you’ll need
• How to make paper mache using different techniques
• 6 inspiring examples and tips from Vaessen Creative
• Answers to the most frequently asked questions
• Paper mache with children

What is paper mache?

Paper mache is a craft technique where paper and glue are layered to create sturdy, lightweight shapes and sculptures. The term originally comes from French and means “chewed paper”, referring to the pulpy texture the paper takes on when mixed with glue.

Where does paper mache come from?

The history of paper mache goes way back. It was first used in China, where paper was also invented. Later, the technique spread to Japan and the Middle East, eventually reaching Europe in the 17th century. In Europe, paper-mâché became popular for making decorative objects such as masks, dolls, and jewellery.

What do you need for paper mache?

To get started you only need a few basic supplies:

• Paper: Newspaper, paper towels, or any thin paper that tears and moulds easily.
• Glue: Usually, a mixture of flour and water or wallpaper glue is used.
• Water: For making the glue paste and dampening the paper.
• A base form: Balloons, chicken wire, or other structures to form your paper mache over.
• Tools: Brushes, scissors or a paper cutter, and paint trays for applying the glue and cutting the paper.
• Decorations: You can use all sorts of things to decorate your paper mache creation. Think of paint, glitter, stamps, ribbon, and more.
  • Tip: Try decorating your papier-mâché artwork with decoupage paper or small shrink film embellishments for a unique touch.

How to make paper mache

Creating paper mache is a fun and creative process that allows you to make all sorts of items with just a few simple supplies. You can even easily make the glue yourself with just flour and water. Below, we've outlined a clear step-by-step guide that will help you create a beautiful paper-mâché craft.

Step 1: Make your glue mixture

Flour and water mixture:

1. Mix 1 part flour with 2 parts water in a bowl.
2. Stir well until the mixture is smooth. It should have the consistency of thin pancake batter.
3. If it's too thick, add a little more water; if it's too thin, add some more flour.

Alternative glue: You can use wallpaper glue or craft glue for a stronger, faster-drying option.

Step 2: Prepare your paper

1. Tear or cut newspaper, paper towels, or thin cardboard into strips about 2.5 cm wide and 10-15 cm long.
2. For a neater result, avoid using the straight edge of the paper and tear all edges. This helps the layers adhere better to each other.

Step 3: Choose your base form

Select a base form for your paper mache project. This can be a balloon for a round object, chicken wire for more complex shapes, or any other sturdy structure.

1. If using a balloon, blow it up to the desired size.
2. For chicken wire, shape the wire into the desired shape.

Step 4: Apply the first layer of paper mache

1. Dip a strip of paper into the glue mixture and let the excess glue drip off.
2. Place the wet strip of paper over your base form and smooth it down with your fingers or a brush.
3. Repeat this process, overlapping the strips slightly, until the entire base form is covered with a first layer of paper mache.
4. Let this layer dry completely before continuing. This can take several hours to overnight, depending on the thickness of the layer and the humidity.

Step 5: Add multiple layers

1. Add 2-3 additional layers of paper mache, depending on how sturdy you want your finished product to be.
2. Make sure each layer is completely dry before adding the next.
3. Optionally, alternate between different types of paper for a more robust structure.

Step 6: Finish and smooth

1. After you have applied the desired number of layers and let them dry completely, you can smooth the surface with fine sandpaper.
2. Sand gently to remove any rough spots and unevenness.

Step 7: Decorate and finish

Now comes the fun part: decorating!

1. Once your paper mache is completely dry and smooth, you can start decorating.
2. Paint your creation with acrylic or tempera paint. Allow each coat of paint to dry thoroughly before applying a new one.
3. Finish your paper mache object with a layer of varnish for extra protection and a nice shine.

Inspiration from Vaessen Creative

At Vaessen Creative, we have countless ideas and projects to spark your creativity. Here are some inspiring examples:

• Masks: Create beautiful masks for Halloween, Carnival, or themed parties. To make them unique, you can easily customise them with paint, glitter, and other decorations.

• Statues and sculptures: Make animals, fantasy figures, or abstract works of art. By using a chicken wire frame, you can create more extensive and more detailed sculptures.

• Scale models: Build scale models of buildings, vehicles, or landscapes. This is a great way to make a school project or a diorama.

• Party decorations: Make piñatas, party hats, or centrepieces for birthdays, weddings, or other celebrations. These can be tailored to any theme or colour scheme.
• Home decorations: Create unique decorative items for your home, such as vases, fruit bowls, or wall art. You can paint and finish them to perfectly match your interior.

• Seasonal decorations: Make decorations for different holidays, such as Christmas ornaments, Easter eggs, or autumn leaves. These can be reused each year to bring your home into the festive spirit.

• Toys and dolls: Make dolls, puppets, or other toys for children. This can be a fun and creative way to craft together with your kids.
• Cups and pots: Create functional items like pen holders, flower pots, or small storage boxes. These can be both practical and decorative.
• Animal figures: Make small or large animal sculptures to decorate your garden or home. Think of birds, cats, dogs, or exotic animals.

• Decorative balls: Use balloons as a base to make decorative balls that you can hang or display as art objects.

Paper mache offers endless possibilities for creativity. With patience, imagination, and a few simple materials, you can create all kinds of unique and personal projects.

Paper mache tips

• Patience is a virtue: Let each layer dry completely before applying the next to prevent mould growth.
• Experiment with textures: Add different materials to your papier-mâché, such as rope or fabric, for extra texture and depth.
• Protect your work: Use a varnish or lacquer to protect your finished product from moisture and damage.

Frequently asked questions about paper mache

We understand you're excited to get started with paper mache, but you might have some questions about the best materials and techniques to use. In this section, we answer some of the most frequently asked questions to help you become a master.

What glue should I use for paper mache?

For paper mache, you can use various types of glue, depending on your preference and the desired result. A popular option is a homemade glue made from a mixture of flour and water. This is cheap and easy to make. For a smoother finish, you can use wallpaper glue, which is stronger and dries faster. Mod Podge is another popular choice because it functions as both
glue and varnish, providing extra protection for your creation.

What paper should I use for paper mache?

Not all paper is equally suitable for paper mache. Newspaper is the most commonly used option due to its thin structure and easy tearing and shaping. Paper towels are a good choice for fine details because they absorb well. Thin cardboard can also be used for extra strength,
especially for making larger structures.

Can you use regular paper for paper mache?

Yes, you can also use regular paper for paper mache, such as printer paper or old school paper. However, it is important to note that thicker paper can be more challenging to shape and may take longer to dry completely. For the best results, tear the paper into smaller pieces and thoroughly wet it with glue to make it flexible.

How many layers for paper mache?

The number of layers you need for paper mache depends on how sturdy you want the finished product to be. Generally, three to five layers are sufficient for most projects. For larger or more complex structures, you can add more layers. Ensure each layer is completely dry before adding the next to prevent the layers from falling apart or warping.

How do you prevent paper mache from moulding?

To prevent paper mache from moulding, it's crucial that each layer is completely dry before adding a new layer. Work in a well-ventilated area and avoid humid environments. You can also add a little salt or a few drops of essential oil to your glue mixture to inhibit mould growth.

Can you paint paper mache?

Yes, paper mache is excellent for painting! Once your project is completely dry, you can paint it with various types of paint, such as acrylic, watercolour, or tempera. Acrylic paint is a popular choice due to its vibrant colours and quick-drying properties. You can also apply multiple coats of paint for richer colour and extra protection.

Can you make paper mache waterproof?

Paper mache is naturally not waterproof, but you can make your creation water-resistant. Once your paper mache is completely dry, you can paint it with waterproof paint or apply a sealer, such as acrylic varnish or Mod Podge. This helps protect your artwork from moisture and light rain, but it's still advisable to keep paper mache creations indoors or under a canopy.

How to store my creations?

To store your paper mache creations properly, it's essential to keep them dry and dust-free. Store them in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight to prevent discolouration. If you want to store your creations for a longer period, you can cover them with a cloth or place them in a box. For extra protection, we recommend applying a coat of varnish.

What can I use as a base form for my paper mache?

• Balloons: A balloon is perfect for round shapes like piñatas, masks, and decorative balls. Inflate the balloon to the desired size and cover it with paper mache. Once it's dry, pop the balloon to remove the inside.
• Chicken wire: Chicken wire is an excellent base for larger, more complex paper mache projects. It provides sturdiness and can be bent into almost any shape. Cover the wire with paper mache to create a robust and lightweight final product.
• Plastic bottles: Plastic bottles are ideal for cylindrical objects like vases or dolls. Using recycled materials is also eco-friendly.
• Cardboard boxes: Cardboard boxes are a good choice if you need a square or rectangular structure.
• Styrofoam forms: Styrofoam is lightweight and easy to cut into the desired shape. It's also available in specific shapes if you're looking for something particular.
• Old boxes and packaging: Look around your house and reuse materials you already have and no longer need.

With these base forms, you can give your papier-mâché project good structure and strength.

paper mache with kids

Paper mache is a great crafting activity for children. It's not only fun but also educational and helps develop fine motor skills and creativity. Here are some ideas and tips to make paper mache projects for kids successful and fun.

Why paper mache is fun for kids

Paper mache gives children the chance to express their creativity and create something tangible. The process of tearing, glueing, and painting is very enjoyable for children and can keep them occupied for hours. Additionally, it's a great way to teach teamwork and patience, especially when working with multiple children on a large project.

Fun ideas for kids

Here are some simple and fun paper mache projects that are perfect for children:

• Paper mache animal masks: Use balloons as a base and let the kids make their favourite animal. After drying, they can paint the mask and decorate it with feathers, glitter, and more.
• Bowls and dishes: Cover an existing bowl with plastic wrap and then with paper mache to make a fun fruit bowl or storage dish. After drying, they can paint and use it in their room.
• Piñatas: Make a simple piñata by covering a balloon with paper mache. Fill the piñata with candy and decorate it for a birthday party.
• Paper mache dolls: Let the kids make their own dolls by using small balloons or cardboard tubes as a base. After drying, they can paint and dress the dolls.

Tips for successful paper mache crafting with kids

• Prepare the workspace: Make sure the workspace is well protected from glue and paint. For example, lay an old tablecloth, old newspapers, or a plastic sheet over the table they're working on. This makes cleanup much easier afterwards.
• Small projects: Start with simple and small projects to familiarise children with the technique before starting larger projects.
• Practice patience: Teach children that the drying process takes time. This is a good lesson in patience and ensures better results.
• Collaborate: Encourage children to work together on larger projects. This promotes teamwork and cooperation.

Paper mache is a versatile and accessible crafting technique that offers endless possibilities for creativity. Whether you want to create simple decorations or complex crafts, with the right materials and techniques, you can achieve excellent results. At Vaessen Creative, we are here to inspire and support you in all your creative projects.

So what are you waiting for? Grab your paper, grab your glue, and start with paper-mâché today!

Have fun crafting!